THP-1 and MDM macrophages release pro-inflammatory cytokines after exposure to CS.

<p>Concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β were measured by ELISA in culture supernatant from CS-exposed and unexposed THP-1 (A and B) and MDM (C and D) macrophages infected with Mtb. Bars indicate mean ± SD from eight independent experiments. ****P≤0.0001, **P<0.01, *P<0.05 ANOVA and Dunnett’s post-hoc test compared to unexposed macrophages.