The effects of FBS and TNFα on macrophage proliferation and maturation.

(A) MTS assays following the culture of WT and Per1-/- MEFs with and without FBS in the absence of viruses. The values with WT MEFs without FBS was defined as 1.0. (B) Macrophage fractions related to (A). (C) PCR of macrophage genes on day 10 related to (B). (D) ELISA of TNFα in the supernatants during iN reprogramming. (E) MTS assays studying the effects of TNFα and R-7050 on day 10. The values on day 0 were defined as 1.0. (F) The effects of TNFα and R-7050 on the macrophage fractions on day 10. PBS and DMSO were used as controls for TNFα and R-7050, respectively. * p p t test (C, E, and F); ns indicates statistically not significant. All data were based on biological triplicates with technical triplicates each. The data underlying this figure can be found in S1 Data. (TIF)