Nonequivalent words in translation process. A psycholinguistic view

Svrha je prevođenja prenijeti obavijest iz jednoga jezika u drugi, po mogućnosti sa svim njezinim leksičkim, gramatičkim, stilističkim i konotativnim značenjima. Mogućnost prijenosa svih tih značenja ovisi ponajviše o tome, koliko dva jezična sustava i kombinacije njihovih elemenata to dopuštaju. Svrha je ovoga članka prikazati lingvističko-teorijsku podlogu prevođenja. Prikazano je shvaćanje procesa prijevoda u kojemu bitnu ulogu igraju ishodišni tekst, prevoditelj, kao i različite psiholingvističke teorije o funkcionalnoj ekvivalentnosti i komunikativnosti prijevoda SL u TL. Očito je da problem prijevoda nije samo ni jedino ishodišni jezik. U procesu prevođenja postoje i druge zadaće koje prevoditelj treba također uspješno obaviti: treba premostiti pojmove između civilizacije i kulture. U okviru prijevoda na poljski jezik Matvejevićevog Mediteranskog brevijara opisuje se i definira u članku pojedine elemente np.: geografske i dr. Sve što se može naći i napisati o Mediteranu (od sastava tla, preko vetrova, morskih struja do vrste mornarskih čvorova) tvori neki entitet koji, samo kroz popis činjenica težko uhvatiti u prijevodu.This paper attempts to discuss the importance and validity of the concept of equivalence as a constitutive feature in translation theory. Equivalence is defined as a relation that holds between a source language (SL) and a target language (TL). When we attempt to describe and explain the relation that holds between a source language text and a target language text in translation, we necessarily come across the concept of equivalence. Textlinguistics plays a crucial and decisive role in the study of language use and obviously in the case of translation it does have a close relation with other disciplines, such as psycholinguistics. Of course, some words are nontransferable. On the other hand, text is to be understood as a complex, and, for instance, the use of a lexical entry in a text does not simply affect the lexical level but may have semantic or pragmatic implications (denotations, connotations). Therefore conditions and determinants (psychological characterization, and context) have necessarily been taken into account for fulfilling a communicative purpose in translation process. Analyzing (describing, classifying, explaining) translation equivalence is based in this paper on Croatian word formations that appear in Mediterranean: A Cultural Landscape, by Predrag Matvejević. Matvejević plunges on to subjects — the olive, sponges, fish, nets, herbs, markets, curses, winds — interwoven with a skein of intellectual discourse. This cross-cultural view requires a deep knowledge of the way Croatian phrases translate into Polish phrases