Prevođenje i leksičko pozajmljivanje – kulturne i jezičke komponente

Translation, as a complex phenomenon, includes several components which could be broadly divided into linguistic and cultural ones. Linguistic components relate to the linguistic competence of the translator (familiarity with the given language codes, ability to transfer content from one such code to another, skill to observe translational problems and to solve them etc), whereas the cultural components in general imply sensitivity to different cultural patterns as well as comprehensive general knowledge and knowledge related to specific fields. Due to the complexity of these components, the process of translation often includes both cultural and linguistic problems and dilemmas; one of such dilemmas, and a very significant one, is related to the translator’s decision to borrow a lexeme or a phrase from the source language (with or without adaptation) instead of trying to find (or create) its translation equivalent in the target language. In our contemporary environment, with English being modern lingua franca, this problem is specially pronounced, particularly in certain fields like, for example, fashion, marketing, sports etc. Having these assumptions in mind, the presentation would discuss examples related to the translation from English into Serbian, trying to point out the cases when borrowing may appear to be a correct solution and when not. Finally, the presentation would provide comments on possible cultural and linguistic components which play a part in making such choices in translation.Prevođenje kao složen proces obuhvata nekoliko komponenti, kako jezičkih tako i vanjezičkih, pri čemu ove druge spadaju u široko shvaćen pojam kulture. Prve komponente podrazumevaju jezičku kompetenciju (poznavanje izvornog i ciljnog jezika, sposobnost da se sadržaji prenose iz jednog koda u drugi, veština da se uoče moguće problematične tačke i da se one kreativno reše), a druge kulturološku kompetenciju (osećaj za kulturne specifičnosti, uvidi u relevantne oblasti vanjezičkog znanja itd.). Dakle, između ostalog, uspešan prevodilac treba da bude u stanju da razrešava razne stručne dileme koje se neizbežno javljaju, a jedna od njih je leksičko pozajmljivanje. Ta dilema je još naglašenija u savremenom okruženju, kada se prevodi sa engleskog jezika koji je postao lingua franca modernog sveta. Polazeći od tih postavki, rad raspravlja о pojedinim primerima prevođenja sa engleskog na srpski jezik, ukazujući na slučajeve kada je korišćenje anglicizama možda bolje rešenje, a kada nije. Konačno, rad komentariše primere u kojima kulturološka komponenta može imati ulogu u razrešavanju gorepomenutih dilema u prevođenju