Tese de mestrado, Biologia (Biologia Molecular e Genética), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in developed countries. Elderly hospitalized patients taking antibiotics are the main group at risk of infection. Since 2000, several countries have reported an increased incidence and severity of CDI associated with the emergence of the epidemic RT027. This clone produces Toxin A (TcdA), Toxin B (TcdB) and an additional binary toxin, Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT), has a deletion at position 117 in the tcdC gene (negative regulator of toxin production) and is highly resistant to fluoroquinolones. However, CDI epidemiology is highly variable, as o...