In the present paper biological and ecological studies are made of two Podostemonaceae, namely Apinagia Accorsii Toledo (n. sp.) and Mniopsis Glazioviana Warmg. which live attached to the rocks of Piracicaba's fall. (At Piracicaba, E. de S. Paulo, Brasil). For revelling great modification in all vegetative parts aside from many regression characters as reduction of the conducting system, absence of stomata, simplification of the structure of the caules and leaves, prevalence of vegetative propagation and so forth special reference is made to Apinanagia Accorsii Toledo. All the observation refer to a period a little longer than an year, comprising the vegetative and floral cycles. The local distribution of both the species is the following: ...