Frutas nativas, domestica??o de plantas e agroecologia: por uma outra rela??o com a sociobiodiversidade

The biodiversity of Brazil is considered the largest in the world. This great biodiversity is the result of an ancient process that involves environmental and social factors. However, this coevolutionary process is being compromised by the advance of a model of hegemonic globalization. In the context of native fruits, the focus of this research, these impacts are severe. Native fruits, and the process of domestication that gave rise to them, are both invisible and eliminated by those who foster such globalization. However, this model is not the only way to coexist. Other worlds are not only possible and necessary as they exist. These other worlds are by their very nature diverse, and unite under another form of globalization, counter-hegemonic globalization. In this process are inserted the native fruits that are valued, taken care of and promoted. It is within this context that this research emerges. Its justification is centered in the urgency of the rescue and promotion of a process of domestication of plants, with emphasis on the native fruits, that contributes to the expansion of the sociobiodiversity. Its main objective is to promote a process of domestication, with emphasis on native fruits, through the principles of Agroecology and that fosters sociobiodiversity. The method used is action research, being divided into four phases: i) problematization of native fruits and indication of priority species; ii) socio-environmental characterization of priority species; iii) socio-environmental characterization of good trees; iv) multiplication of good trees. The public was constituted 117 people from six groups of farmers inserted in the Nucleus Luta Camponesa, linked to the Rede Ecovida Network of Agroecology. This nucleus is located in the Territories of the Citizenship, of the State of Paran?, Cantuquirigua?u and Paran? Center. As a result, the identification and social-environmental characterization of seven native fruit species classified as priority by the farmers to promote a domestication process are highlighted: i) Guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa); ii) Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) Uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis); iv) Cherry (Eugenia involucrata); v) Guabiju, (Myrcianthes pungens); vi) Ara?? Vermelho (Psidium longipetiolatum) and; vii) Ing? Feij?o (Inga marginata Willd). In addition to the characterization of the species, we described the social and environmental aspects desirable in good matrices. Through this process, 42 matrices were identified and georeferenced, 15 of Guabiroba, 8 of Pitanga, 8 of Uvaia, 3 of Cherry, 4 of Ara?? Vermelho, 1 of Guabiju and 3 of Ing? Feij?o. However, it is believed that the main result of this work was, together with the farmers, to rescue and promote glances for native fruits, thus contributing to the emergence of a way of domestication of plants that increases the socio-biodiversity. Another identified aspect concerns the multidimensionality of fruits, since topics such as domestication of plants, Agroecology and sociobiodiversity need to be articulated with practical actions that involve the commercialization, sanitation regularization and processing in order to value the native fruits. It is also possible to indicate that looking, planting, producing, processing, marketing and consuming native fruits is to give materiality to the construction of other worlds, which surpasses the rationality of the hegemonic model of agriculture and generates indicatives for the construction of a new mentality in relation of farmers with socio-biodiversity. Keywords: Native Fruit; Plant Domestication, Agroecology; Sociobiodiversity; Postcolonial Thought.A biodiversidade do Brasil ? considerada a maior do mundo. Essa grande biodiversidade ? resultado de um processo milenar que envolve fatores ambientais e sociais. Por?m, esse processo coevolutivo est? sendo comprometido pelo avan?o de um modelo de globaliza??o hegem?nico. No ?mbito das frutas nativas, foco desta pesquisa, estes impactos s?o severos. As frutas nativas, e o processo de domestica??o que deu origem a elas, s?o ao mesmo tempo invis?veis e eliminadas pelos que fomentam tal globaliza??o. No entanto, este modelo n?o ? a ?nica forma de coexistir. Outros mundos n?o s? s?o poss?veis e necess?rios como existem. Estes outros mundos s?o por ess?ncia diversos, e se unem sob uma outra forma de globaliza??o, a globaliza??o contra-hegem?nica. Nesse processo se inserem as frutas nativas que passam a serem valorizadas, cuidadas e promovidas. ? dentro deste contexto que emerge esta pesquisa. Sua justificativa ? centrada na urg?ncia do resgate e promo??o de um processo de domestica??o de plantas, com ?nfase nas frutas nativas, que contribua para a expans?o da sociobiodiversidade. Seu objetivo principal ? promover um processo de domestica??o, com ?nfase nas frutas nativas, atrav?s dos princ?pios da Agroecologia e que fomente a sociobiodiversidade. O m?todo utilizado ? a pesquisa-a??o, sendo dividido em quatro fases: i) problematiza??o das frutas nativas e indica??o de esp?cies priorit?rias; ii) caracteriza??o socioambiental das esp?cies priorit?rias; iii) caracteriza??o socioambiental de boas ?rvores e; iv) multiplica??o das boas ?rvores. O p?blico foi constitu?do 117 pessoas de seis grupos de agricultores inseridos no N?cleo Luta Camponesa, vinculado na Rede Ecovida de Agroecologia. Este n?cleo est? situado nos Territ?rios da Cidadania, do Estado do Paran?, Cantuquirigua?u e Paran? Centro. Como resultado, destaca-se a identifica??o e caracteriza??o, socioambiental de sete esp?cies de frutas nativas classificadas como priorit?rias pelos agricultores para a promo??o de um processo de domestica??o, sendo elas: i) Guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa); ii) Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) Uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis); iv) Cereja (Eugenia involucrata); v) Guabiju, (Myrcianthes pungens); vi) Ara?? Vermelho (Psidium longipetiolatum) e; vii) Ing? Feij?o (Inga marginata Willd). Al?m da caracteriza??o das esp?cies, descreveu-se os aspectos sociais e ambientais desej?vel em boas matrizes. Atrav?s desse processo, foram identificadas e georreferenciadas 42 matrizes, sendo 15 de Guabiroba, 8 de Pitanga, 8 de Uvaia, 3 de Cereja, 4 de Ara?? Vermelho, 1 de Guabiju e 3 de Ing? Feij?o. Contudo, o principal resultado deste trabalho foi, em conjunto com os agricultores, resgatar e promover olhares para as frutas nativas, contribuindo desse modo para a emerg?ncia de um modo de domestica??o de plantas que a aumente a sociobiodiversidade, por meio da Agroecologia e articulado com a??es pr?ticas que envolvam a comercializa??o, regulariza??o sanit?ria e processamento visando valorizar as frutas nativas. Tamb?m ? poss?vel indicar que olhar, plantar, produzir, processar, comercializar e consumir as frutas nativas, ? dar materialidade ? constru??o de outros mundos, que supera a racionalidade do modelo hegem?nico de agricultura e gera indicativos para a constru??o de uma nova mentalidade na rela??o dos agricultores com a sociobiodiversidade. Palavras chave: Fruta Nativa; Domestica??o de Plantas, Agroecologia; Sociobiodiversidade; Pensamento P?s-Colonial