Diversidade de anf?bios em diferentes est?gios de conserva??o da mata ciliar em uma regi?o de floresta subtropical no sul do Brasil

Discern as human activities impact amphibians and understanding the negative impacts of anthropization are among the main challenges to soften the natural population's decline. The comprehension of the effects of the reduction and fragmentation of the environment are fundamentals for proposing more effective conservation actions. The objective of this study was to identify how the diversity of Anurans Amphibians varies in different stages of conservation of riparian forest in a subtropical region of southern Brazil. The hypothesis was that the more conserved the riparian forest, the greater the diversity and the presence of highly selective species in relation to habitat use. This study was developed in the Fritz Plaumann State Park (PEFP), located in the countryside of Conc?rdia (SC). For collection were chosen four sampling areas, representing different stages of conservation: two areas in the around and two areas within the PEFP. The samplings occurred from November 2017 to April 2018. Linear transects of 100 meters long were established within each area, covered from twilight to 24:00 hours. To evaluate the stage of streams conservation was applied the Rapid Assessment Protocol (PAR) of habitat biodiversity and river basin sections. For the richness estimation and determination of sample sufficiency size were used the richness estimators Jack 1 and Chao 1. The comparisons between the areas for richness and number of individuals were made through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Test. To compare the similarity between the areas, the Jaccard?s coefficient (SJij) was used. The diversity between areas was compared using the Shannon H' Index. Ten species of Anurans were recorded, distributed in 7 families. The PAR score was lower in the around?s areas the PEFP and higher in the areas within the PEFP. The surrounding areas had scores equivalent to altered environments, while the areas within PEFP had scores equivalent to natural environments. There was a significant difference in the number of species recorded in and around the PEFP. The species diversity was significantly higher in the areas within the PEFP than in the surrounding. The composition of species varied between areas. Only two species occurred simultaneously in and around the PEFP, showing low similarity. The set of results indicates that the richness, diversity, and composition of Anuran amphibians vary according to the degree of riparian forests conservation. Anuran amphibians were sensitive to variations in areas of streams environments. The conserved environments promoted greater diversity and maintenance the species of selective Anurans. Riparian forests with smaller width or with impacts of agriculture use are occupied by less selective species and with greater ecological amplitude.Discernir como as atividades humanas impactam os anf?bios e entender os impactos negativos da antropiza??o est? entre os principais desafios para amenizar o decl?nio de popula??es naturais. O entendimento dos efeitos da redu??o e fragmenta??o do ambiente ? fundamental para proposi??o de a??es de conserva??o mais eficazes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar como a diversidade de anf?bios anuros varia em diferentes est?gios de conserva??o da mata ciliar em uma regi?o de floresta subtropical do sul do Brasil. Nossa hip?tese foi que quanto mais conservada a mata ciliar, maior a diversidade com presen?a de esp?cies mais exigentes em rela??o ao uso do habitat. Este estudo foi desenvolvido no Parque Estadual Fritz Plaumann (PEFP), localizado no interior de Conc?rdia ? SC. Para a coleta de dados foram estabelecidas quatro ?reas amostrais, representativas de diferentes est?gios de conserva??o: duas ?reas no entorno e duas ?reas dentro do PEFP. As amostragens ocorreram de novembro de 2017 a abril de 2018. Foram estabelecidos transectos lineares de 100 metros de comprimento dentro de cada ?rea, percorridos do crep?sculo at? 24:00 horas. Para avalia??o do est?gio de conserva??o dos c?rregos, foi aplicado o protocolo de avalia??o r?pida (PAR) de biodiversidade de habitats e trechos de bacias hidrogr?ficas. Para a estimativa de riqueza e determina??o de sufici?ncia amostral foram utilizados os estimadores de riqueza Jack1 e Chao1. As compara??es entre as ?reas para riqueza e n?mero de indiv?duos foram feitas por meio de an?lise de vari?ncia (One-way ANOVA) e teste post hoc Tukey. Para comparar a similaridade entre as ?reas, foi utilizado o coeficiente de similaridade Jaccard (SJij). A diversidade entre as ?reas foi comparada por meio do I?ndice de Shannon H?. Foram registradas 10 esp?cies de anuros, distribu?das em 7 fam?lias. A pontua??o do PAR foi mais baixa nas ?reas do entorno do PEFP e mais alta nas ?reas dentro do PEFP. As ?reas no entorno tiveram pontua??o equivalente a ambientes alterados, enquanto as ?reas dentro do PEFP tiveram pontua??o equivalente a ambientes naturais. Houve diferen?a significativa no n?mero de esp?cies registradas no entorno e dentro do PEFP. A diversidade de esp?cies foi significativamente maior nas ?reas dentro do PEFP do que no entorno. A composi??o de esp?cies variou entre as ?reas. Somente duas esp?cies ocorreram simultaneamente dentro e no entorno do PEFP, mostrando baixa similaridade entre as ?reas estudadas. O conjunto de resultados para este estudo indica que a riqueza, diversidade e composi??o de anf?bios anuros variam em fun??o do grau de conserva??o das matas ciliares. Os anf?bios anuros se mostraram sens?veis as varia??es do grau de conserva??o dos ambientes estudados. Os ambientes mais conservados promovem maior diversidade e manuten??o de esp?cies de anuros mais exigentes. Matas ciliares com menor largura ou com impactos de uso agropastoril s?o ocupadas por esp?cies menos exigentes e com maior amplitude ecol?gica