Penetration hyphae formation of the <i>coira1</i> mutants of <i>C. orbiculare</i> on cellulose membranes.

<p>Conidial suspensions of each strain in distilled water were incubated on cellulose membranes at 24°C for 48 h. WT, the wild-type 104-T; DL1-1 and DL1-2, the <i>coira1</i> mutant; CL1-1, the <i>CoIRA1</i>-complemented transformant of DL1-1; CL1-2, the <i>CoIRA1</i>-complemented transformant of DL1-2; EL1-1, the ectopic strain. Scale bar, 10 µm. (B) Percentages of conidial germination, appressorium formation, penetration hyphae formation, and bulb-shaped penetration-hyphae formation of <i>C. orbiculare</i> WT and <i>coira1</i> mutants on cellulose membranes. Approximately 200 conidia of each strain were observed on cellulose membranes. Three replicates were examined. Three independent experiments were conducted, and standard errors are shown. Black bar, conidial germination; gray bar, appressorium formation; slash bar, penetration hyphae; white bar, bulb-shape penetration formation.