Appressorium formation by <i>coira1</i> mutants on glass slide in the presence of 10-mM cAMP.

<p>(A) Conidial suspensions of each strain in distilled water or 10-mM cAMP were incubated on the multiwell glass slide at 24°C for 24 h. WT, the wild-type 104-T; DL1-1, the <i>coira1</i> mutant; CL1-1, the <i>CoIRA1</i>-complemented transformant of DL1-1; DC1, the <i>cac1</i> mutant; DARS1, WT transformed with a dominant active form <i>CoRAS1</i>; DARS2, WT transformed with a dominant active form <i>CoRAS2</i>; iDNRS1, DL1-1 transformed with a dominant negative form <i>CoRAS1</i>; iDNRS2, DL1-1 transformed with a dominant negative form <i>CoRAS2</i>. Scale bar, 10 µm. (B) Percentages of conidial germination, appressorium formation, and abnormal appressorium formation of <i>C. orbiculare</i> on multiwell glass slides in the presence of 10-mM cAMP. Approximately 100 conidia of each strain were observed on multiwell glass slides. Three replicate experiments were examined. Three independent experiments were conducted, and standard errors are shown. Black bar, conidial germination; gray bar, appressorium formation that includes normal appressorium and abnormal appressorium; white bar, abnormal appressorium formation. (–) distilled water, (+) 10-mM cAMP.