TSF increased the number of autophagic vacuoles in NRK52E cells.

<p>(A) Transmission electron microscopy (8000x) micrograph. The arrows indicated autophagosomes and “N” represents nucleus. Autophagic vacuoles with typical double-layer membrane structures containing undigested organelle remnants were indicated with arrows. Bar = 2 μm. (B) The number of autophagosomes was counted in 10 randomly selected fields. ##, P<0.01 vs. NG; *, P<0.05 vs. HG; ***, P< 0.001 vs. HG.