UA-R-GC-1914-01-01-1936-11-13_Page-024

(6) Publications: Two doctoral dissertations have appeared in print during the past year. "The Effects of Centralization on Education in Modern Egypt", by Dean Russell Galt, is a study of the Problems of Egyptian Education-al Administration from the point of view of comparative education. "School and Society in the Valley of the Nile, by Dr. Amir Buktor, is a compendium of educational data with interpretation as to its social and national signif-icance for Egypt. Both publications represent theses submitted to Columbia. University for Ph.D. degrees. Another dissertation on the Problem of Over- Population in Egypt, by Dr. Wendell Cleland, is also expected to appear shortly. (7) Anglo-Egyptian Treaty: This treaty was signed on August 26, 1936 in the Locarno Room of the Foreign Office in London. It is a document of about 10,000 words. The main section contains 17 clauses. These are follot-ed by Annexes end Minutes of detailed explanations and definitions. The rutost striking points to be noted are the following: (1) The British Occupation of Egypt terminates and Egypt becomes an inde-pendent country. (2) Egypt, with the support of Ureat Britain, is to apply for membership in the League of Nations. (3) The Capitulations are to be abolished by due procedure supported by Great Britain. Egypt is to have the right to impose taxes on foreign-ers as well as nationals. Egyptian law will apply to foreigners; of course, it is proposed to modify, amplify and modernize existing Egyptian law. Egypt is to be charged with the protection of foreigners. (4) The Mixed Tribunals, an internationally constituted Court now exist-ing, will be continued for a short time, to serve during what might be called a period of transition in Egypt; for it will take time for Egypt to work out modern legislation and judicial procedure ecually applicable to foreigners and Egyptians. (5) A Military Alliance is set up between Egypt and Great Britain. This is perhaps the most important part of the Treaty in these days of threat to the British Empire's lines of communication. It is to be observed that in releasing Egypt from British Occupation, Great Britain is not imperilling the future. For occupation she merely substitutes military privileges that represent even more than any occupation of Egypt has hitherto afforded her: camps along the Suez Canal, military highways to be built and maintained by Egypt connecting the entire country ' s boundaries, privileges for the unhampered movement of troops and the control of communications in time of war. Furthermore and what is most important, while the Treaty is subject to revision at numerous points, such revision must always maintain the basic alliance of Britain and Lgypt for resistance against any outside power occupying the country. Finally in respect to the Sudan, the old cooperative control is con-tinued, but Egyptian troops will be allowed in the Sudan and also a limited immigration of Egyptians. But this most important sentence appears in the Treaty, "The High Contracting Parties agree that the primary aim of their administration in the Sudan must be the welfare of the Sudanese." 22 1