Hemingway’s War

Pedagogical approach inviting students to become active translators of Hemingway’s language experiments in For Whom the Bell Tolls. Valis reads the novel as cross-cultural, arguing that “Hemingway’s use of language (both English and Spanish) highlights a complex interplay between insider-outsider cultures, some, but not all, of which the novelist was acutely aware.” Because of the inherent bias of translation, Valis warns of the dangers of reading the novel’s depiction of the Spanish conflict as anything other than the author’s