A Study of Dunhuang Dictionaries:From Yudui to Wenchang Xiuju

王三庆，成功大学中国文学院荣休教授，文学博士。【中文摘要】从敦煌文献《语对》《文场秀句》的编制可以看出,中唐时期儿童学习词汇的类别和事类内容，既有从相似词组的训练以加深强化表述的意义，也有从相反词组的对比以扩大表述意义的范畴。毫无疑问，这都是对童蒙逻辑思维的训练方式，又是有条不紊的记忆安排，更是随身便于携带的辞典，也是提供课读时的检索备用。《文场秀句》除了具有这些辞组事类外，还有更高阶示 范为文的作用，教导学童如何利用这些事典，组成篇章。也因如此，唐五代此类小型的辞典类书十分盛行，更远传海外，成为国内到东亚各国学习汉文的童蒙教材。 【Abstract】From the compilation of Dunhuang documents Yudui and Wenchang Xiuju，it can be seen that in the mid- Tang Dynasty，children's vocabulary learning categories and event content were derived not only from the training of similar phrases to deepen the meaning of expressions，but also from the contrast of opposite phrases to expand the scope of expressions. There is no doubt that these books were not only a way to develop children’s logical thinking，but also an orderly memory arrangement. They were not only portable dictionaries，but also retrieval reserves for class reading. In addition to these categories of words and events，Wenchang Xiuju had the function of a higher-level demonstration composition，which could teach children how to use these events for writing. Because of this，such miniature dictionaries of the Tang and Five Dynasties enjoyed great popularity. They spread abroad and became enlightenment books for children in East Asian countries to learn Chinese.国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国童蒙文化史研究” (16ZDA121