Dinamika Pemikiran Hukum Islam: Corak dan Karakteristik

This paper descibes the dynamic of Islamic law. Dynamics of Islamic law was born through a progressive process of ijtihad. Ijtihad progressive Islamic law gave birth to four products, namely fiqh, fatwa, legislation in Muslim countries (Qanun) and a court decision (making up). The fourth product of the Islamic legal thought is rich with a diverse opinion (deviation). In the Sunni Jurisprudence born five popular Islamic school of thought (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali and Zahiri) with different patterns of thought. Rational Hanafi, Maliki tend to the opinion of the People of Madinah, the moderate Shafii, Hanbali tradition emphasizes the meaning of birth and textual Zahiri.Tulisan ini mendeksripsikan tentang hukum Islam yang dinamis. Dinamika hukum Islam lahir melalui proses ijtihad progresif. Ijtihad progresif melahirkan empat produk hukum Islam, yaitu fikih, fatwa, perundang-undangan di negeri Muslim (qanun) dan putusan pengadilan (qadha). Keempat produk pemikiran hukum Islam tersebut kaya dengan keragamana pendapat (ikhtilaf). Dalam fikih Sunni lahir lima mazhab fikih popular (Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi’i, Hanbali dan Zhahiri) dengan corak pemikiran yang berbeda. Hanafi rasional, Maliki cenderung kepada pendapat ahlul Madinah, Syafi’i moderat, Hanbali mengedepankan makna lahir hadis dan Zhahiri tekstual