大学教育の改善に関する研究 : ファカルティ・ディベロップメントと大学生の学習理論の開発

Massification and diversification in Japanese universities is continuing and the screening methods for university admissions are also changing. Consequently the range of academic ability of Japanese students is becoming much wider than before. As for academic reform, first of all an improvement in teaching-learning methodology must be brought about. In order to improve this methodology we need to master how to understand our students. We have three ways in which we can do this and these are as follows: 1) observation method, 2) test method and 3) interview method. We can choose any of these three methods depending on our aims. In this paper, we then identify some basic learning principles. These are 1) the transformation of student passivity into active learning, 2) individualization, 3) the process of inquiry, 4) the development of the ability to inquire with other students, 5) participation, 6) the need for support and 7) the recognition that learning is an intensely emotional experience. I must add to these seven principles the following points. Students learn in other ways in the outside world. Therefore out-of-classroom leaning is important, too. In short, classroom learning becomes richer when it uses and connects with what students learn on the outside