OCA enhances apoptosis in mixed and less in mucinous iCCA cells.

a) Apoptosis was analysed by the Annexin V/PI assay in both mixed and mucinous iCCA cell cultures incubated for 72 hrs with 0.5 or 1.5 μM OCA. Results are expressed as percent increase of apoptotic cells with respect to controls. OCA increases apoptosis in both mixed and mucinous iCCA cell cultures. However, the apoptotic effect of OCA on mixed iCCA cells is more evident at 1.5 μM than 0.5 μM while no significant difference could be observed in mucinous iCCA cells between the two concentrations of OCA tested (0.5 and 1.5 μM). Data represent means ± SD of N = 5. Independent experiments. ** p §§ p £ p < 0.05 vs mixed iCCA control without OCA (0 μM OCA); ‘‘ p < 0.05 vs mucinous iCCA control without OCA (0 μM OCA).