p24-producing cells from untreated individuals are enriched in subsets expressing markers of activation and exhaustion.

Representative dot plots showing the phenotype of p24+ cells (represented as red dots) overlaid onto all cells (in grey) after 18h of resting. The contribution of a given subset to the pool of all cells and to the pool of infected cells (p24+) are compared in samples from n = 8 untreated individuals (VIR9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21). (A) Activation/proliferation/apoptosis markers: CD69, CD25, HLA-DR, Ki67, CD38, CD95. (B) Immune checkpoint molecules: LAG-3, Tim-3, PD-1, TIGIT. For statistical analyses, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was performed.