Activation of T cells in the acute phase of TBE infection.

<p>(A) CD38 and Ki67 co-expressing cells in the total CD8 T cell population over time in one representative patient. (B) Median and 10–90th percentiles of CD38 and Ki67 co-expression in CD8 T cell subsets at day 0, 7, 21 and 90 after hospitalization in infected subjects (n = 20) and in healthy controls (n = 20). (C) Ki67 expression vs CMV-pp65 HLA MHC class I tetramer staining over time in one donor. Percent Ki67⁺ CMV pp65⁺ cells are indicated in the plot. (D) Kinetics of Ki67 expression in CMV⁺ (red line) and CMV⁻ (black line) CD8 T cells in four donors over time. (E) Stainings of perforin, CD45RA, PD-1, Bcl-2, CD127, granzyme B, CD27 and HLA-DR at day 7 after hospitalization. Gated on total CD8 T cells. (F) Bar plots show the 10–90th percentiles of HLA-DR, Bcl-2, PD-1, granzyme B, perforin and CD127 expression together with CD27 in terms of mean fluorescence intensity in CD38 and Ki67 co-expressing CD8 T cell subset at day 7 after hospitalization, non-activated Ki67⁻CD38⁻ (N-A) cells at day 7 after hospitalization or in non-activated healthy controls (N-A HC). (G) Bar chart represents the subset distribution of CCR7, CD45RA and CD127 (IL7Rα) in CD38 and Ki67 co-expressing cells at day 7 after hospitalization. (H) CD38 and Ki67-coexpressing cells in CD4 cell population over time in one infected patient. (I) Median and 10–90^th percentiles of CD38 and Ki67 co-expression in CD4 T cell subset at the day of hospitalization (day 0) and at day 7, 21 and 90 after hospitalization in infected subjects (n = 20) together with healthy controls (n = 20). Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric repeated measures ANOVA test or the Mann-Whitney test. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.