Nar inhibits EMT by suppressing the gene expression of mesenchymal markers.

<p>(A–D) Expression of mesenchymal markers of the process of EMT in mRNA level was measured by qRT-PCR. Aspc-1 cells and panc-1 cells were pretreated with 50 µM or 100 µM Nar for 24 h followed by the absence or presence of TGF-β1 for another 24 h (A: vimentin, B: N-cadherin, C: MMP2, D: MMP9). ^#p<0.05, ^##p<0.01 <i>v.s.</i> Control. ^*p<0.05, **p<0.01 <i>v.s.</i> 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 alone. (E and F). The protein expression of EMT markers was measured by western blot (F for aspc-1 cells and G for panc-1 cells). (G and H) Value of densitometric scan was used to quantify the changes of mesenchymal markers (H for aspc-1 cells, I for panc-1 cells). Data were means ± SD from three independent experiments.