Non-cytotoxic levels of propofol inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB activation.

<p>RAW264.7 cells (1×10⁶ cells/well in 6-well culture plates or 5×10⁴ cells/well in 96-well culture plates) were treated with propofol or vehicle for 0.5 h. Next, cells were stimulated with LPS (2 µg/ml) for 6 or 24 h. (A) Western blot analysis was used to determine the phosphorylation of IKKβ (Ser180) and NF-κB (Ser536). β-actin was the internal control. The ratios of pIKKβ to IKKβ and pNF-κB to NF-κB are shown, respectively. Data are representative of three individual experiments. (B) After 0.25-h post-treatment, fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in RAW264.7 cells (5×10⁴ cells/well in 96-well culture plates) immunostained with anti-NF-κB p65 antibody. Scale bar is 50 µm. Data obtained from three different areas are means ± SD. One of representative data obtained from three individual experiments is shown. *p<0.05 compared with the LPS group.