Effect of a CCR2 deficiency on antiviral responses in smoke-exposed mice.

<p>C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) or CCR2 knock-out (KO) mice were exposed to room air (open bars) or cigarette smoke (closed bars). Subsequently, mice were given a sterile vehicle or inoculated with influenza A virus intranasally. (A) Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) samples were obtained at 5 days post-infection and total cells were enumerated. Mononuclear cell and neutrophil differentials were also assessed. Percent body weight change throughout the viral infection was documented (B), and viral titres were also determined (C). Percentages of TNFα/iNOS producing dendritic cells (D), and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (E) were obtained from the live gate of CD45+ cells. Data are presented as the means ± SEMs for n = 5 animals per group.