TRAF1 is necessary for oligo-HA to suppress TNFα secretion and mRNA expression in peritoneal macrophages.

<p>Peritoneal macrophages from WT (A, C) and <i>Traf1−/−</i> mice (B, D) were treated with oligo-HA and/or poly(I:C) for 24 h. TNFα release in cultured media was measured by ELISA (A, B). mRNA abundance for TNFα was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR 4 h after treatment (C, D). Quantitative RT-PCR data are presented as normalized data against vehicle-treated macrophages. Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. and are representative of three independent experiments with n = 3. *: p<0.05. **: p<0.01, N.S.: not significant.