TNF-α production from whole blood or THP-1 cells after stimulation with new or used metalworking fluid (MWF) measured with ELISA and expressed as relative luminescence units (RLU).

<p>Whole blood sample was incubated during 4% to 1% of new and used MWF or LPS (positive control) diluted in 0.9% NaCl. THP-1 cells were incubated during 24 hours with 0.01% new or used MWF in culture medium. For details see Materials and method. Each bar represents mean ± SD of two experiments.