RNS60 treatment reduces glial activation in the hippocampus of Tg 5XFAD mice.

<p>Tg mice (5 months old) were treated with RNS60 and NS (300 µl/mouse/2d) via i.p. injection and after 2 months of treatment, hippocampal (CA1) sections were double-labeled for iNOS and either Iba1 (microglia) (A) or GFAP (astroglia) (B). The protein level of iNOS was analyzed in hippocampal homogenates by Western blot (C). Bands were scanned and results presented as iNOS/Actin (D). Results represent mean ± SEM of four mice per group. <i>^ap<0.001 vs non-Tg; ^bp<0.001 vs Tg</i>. The mRNA expression of iNOS (E & G) and IL-1β (F & H) was analyzed in hippocampal (E & F) and frontal cortex (G & H) samples by real-time PCR. Results represent mean ± SEM of four mice per group. <i>^ap<0.001 vs non-Tg; ^bp<0.001 vs Tg</i>.