SS treatment alleviates Aβ levels and amyloid plaque burden, reduces gliosis and neuron loss in APP/PS1 mice.

<p>(<b>A–C</b>) Representative half brain sections of WT mice, vehicle or SS-treated APP/PS1 mice stained with antibody against Aβ (6E10) and double staining of GFAP and 6E10 are shown. Scale bar, 1 mm. (<b>B</b> and <b>C</b>) Quantitative analysis of the number of 6E10-positive amyloid plaques (<b>B</b>) and Aβ covered area (<b>C</b>). n = 5 animals per group. (<b>D</b> and <b>E</b>) ELISA of soluble and insoluble Aβ₄₀ and Aβ₄₂ levels in cortical and hippocampal tissues of APP/PS1 mice. n = 6 for each group. (<b>F</b>, <b>I</b> and <b>J</b>) Representative images of WT mice, vehicle- and SS- treated APP/PS1 mice hippocampus and cortex double immunostaining of GFAP and 6E10 (<b>F</b>), CD11b (<b>I</b>) and NeuN (<b>J</b>). Arrows indicate astrocytes surrounding the amyloid plaques. Scale bar, 200 µm. (<b>H</b>) Coincidence of GFAP and Aβ burden in the brains of SS-treated APP/PS1 mice (red; n = 17) and vehicle-treated APP/PS1 mice (black; n = 17; <i>P</i><0.0001). (<b>G</b>, <b>K</b> and <b>L</b>) The histograms depict the mean GFAP (<b>G</b>), CD11b (<b>K</b>), and NeuN (<b>L</b>) positive area ± S.E.M. in three groups. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01, ***<i>P</i><0.001.