Effects of podocalyxin (PODX)/β-catenin (β-cat) signaling on matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) activities in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells.

<p>In (<i>A</i>) LN-229 and (<i>B</i>) U-118 MG GBM cells, MMP9 activities were determined with a SensoLyte 520 MMP9 Assay Kit (AnaSpec) in normal control cells (NC), cells stably transfected with the empty pcDNA3.1 vector (VC), cells stably transfected with PODX, cells stably transfected with PODX and treated with selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD169316 (25 µM) for 30 hours (PODX+PD), cells stably transfected with PODX and treated with selective β-cat signaling inhibitor CCT031374 (50 µM) for 30 hours (PODX+CCT), cells stably transduced with scramble control shRNA (SC), cells stably transduced with PODX-shRNA, and cells stably transduced with PODX-shRNA and stably transfected with constitutively active (ΔN151) β-cat (PODX-shRNA+active-cat). The MMP9 activity was shown as fold changes to that of NC (designated as 1). ^a<i>p</i><0.05 vs. controls (NC, VC and SC); ^b<i>p</i><0.05 vs. PODX; ^c<i>p</i><0.05 vs. PODX+PD; ^d<i>p</i><0.05 vs. PODX+CCT; ^e<i>p</i><0.05 vs. PODX-shRNA.