PQQ inhibits cytokine-induced activation, proliferation and migration of HSCs.

<p>Primary mouse HSCs were treated with TGF-β1 or PDGF, along with or without increasing doses of PQQ or NAC. (A, B) The level of intracellular ROS was measured by DCFH-DA staining and flow cytometry analysis. (C) Protein expression of α-SMA and collagen 1A1 in HSCs were examined by western blot analysis to evaluate the level of HSCs transdifferentiation and collagen 1A1 production after 24 h treatment of TGF-β1. (D) Primary HSCs were applied to CCK8 assay. (E, F) Primary HSCs were applied to transwell assay. *, p<0.05, **, p<0.01.