Levels of storage and circulating sugars, TAG and ATP during PE and PBM phases.

<p>(A) Endogenous levels of glycogen during PE (<i>top panel</i>) and PBM (<i>bottom panel</i>) phases. Total glycogen content of adult female mosquitoes was measured colorimetrically (<i>left</i>; n = 6 independently collected samples per time point, with six mosquitoes per sample). Glycogen content of the female mosquito fat body was also visualized by PAS staining (<i>right</i>). Similar results were observed in two additional independent experiments. (B) Levels of circulating sugars trehalose (<i>top</i>), glucose (<i>middle</i>) and fructose (<i>bottom</i>) for PE and PBM as determined by means of gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS; n = 12 independently collected samples per time point, with six mosquitoes per sample). (C) TAG levels were measured during PE (<i>top panel</i>) and PBM (<i>bottom panel</i>) phases (n = 6 independently collected samples per time point, with six mosquitoes per sample). (D) ATP concentrations in female mosquitoes during the PE (<i>top</i>) and the PBM (<i>bottom</i>) phases were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; n = 6 independently collected samples per time point, with six mosquitoes per sample). Amounts of glycogen (A, <i>left</i>), trehalose, glucose and fructose (B), TAG (C), and ATP (D) were normalized to total protein levels. The metabolite levels at 0-6h PE and 72h PE are represented as 100, with relative adjustments in the sugar and ATP levels at other time points. Error bars represent ± SD. * <i>p</i> < 0.05;** <i>p</i> < 0.01.