The increase in ROS formation in diabetic retinas was inhibited by treatment with ATELPPR or pretreatment with apocynin (1 mM).

<p>(A) Representative images of DHE imaging. (B) Quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity in DHE images showed an obvious increase in ROS formation in diabetic retinas. ROS generation was significantly reduced in D+ATWLPPR and pretreatment with apocynin (D+apocynin). D, Diabetic. *<i>P</i> < 0.05, versus the Normal group; #<i>P</i> < 0.05, versus the D+saline group. Scale bar = 50 mm, 200X. GCL, ganglion cell layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer.