Effects of S1P and SPHK I₂ on fibrosis/Quantification of western blots of HCF cell lysates following four week treatments with S1P or SPHK I₂.

<p>(A) Treatment with 5μM concentration of S1P on HCF 3D constructs led to significant downregulation (p ≤ 0.0001) of α-SMA when compared to control HCFs. (B) Treatment with 2μM, 5μM, and 10μM concentrations of SPHK I₂ on HCF 3D constructs had no effect on α-SMA when compared to control HCFs. A one-way ANOVA was performed and p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. * represents p ≤ 0.05, ** represents p ≤ 0.01, *** represents p ≤ 0.001, **** represents p ≤ 0.0001.