The inner ear originates from an ectodermal thickening called the otic placode. The otic placode invaginates and closes to an otic vesicle, the otocyst. The otocyst epithelium undergoes morphogenetic changes and cell differentiation, leading to the formation of the labyrinth-like mature inner ear. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions control inner ear morphogenesis, but the modes and molecules are largely unresolved. The expressions of negative cell cycle regulators in the epithelium of the early-developing inner ear have also not been elucidated. The mature inner ear comprises the hearing (cochlea) and balance (vestibular) organs that contain the nonsensory and sensory cells. In mammals, the inner ear sensory cells, called hair cells, exit ...
Around 30 years ago, the discovery of modular protein domains began to change the scientific world’s...
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Nephrin is a transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed prim...
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Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are secreted proteins which promote the survival of neurons, formation a...
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease progressing over years via the accumulation of cholestero...
Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance in the cellular pro-/antioxidant homeostasis which le...
The flat bones of the skull, the calvarial bones, develop by intramembranous ossification during whi...
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Glomerular epithelial cells, podocytes, and the specialized cell junctions termed slit diaphragms (S...
Neurons can be divided into various classes according to their location, morphology, neurochemical i...
The potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 is a key regulator of chloride homeostasis in neurons of t...
Around 30 years ago, the discovery of modular protein domains began to change the scientific world’s...
Proteolysis is important in bacterial pathogenesis and colonization of animal and plant hosts. In th...
All organisms have evolved mechanisms to acquire thermotolerance. A moderately high temperature acti...
The development of the forebrain is dependent on controlled regulation of neural stem/progenitor cel...
The exchange of positional information largely determines the fate of plant cells during organ devel...
Nephrin is a transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed prim...
Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characteri...
Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are secreted proteins which promote the survival of neurons, formation a...
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease progressing over years via the accumulation of cholestero...
Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance in the cellular pro-/antioxidant homeostasis which le...
The flat bones of the skull, the calvarial bones, develop by intramembranous ossification during whi...
Cancer is a complex disease. It is a multistep process where genetic changes lead to cellular transf...
Glomerular epithelial cells, podocytes, and the specialized cell junctions termed slit diaphragms (S...
Neurons can be divided into various classes according to their location, morphology, neurochemical i...
The potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 is a key regulator of chloride homeostasis in neurons of t...
Around 30 years ago, the discovery of modular protein domains began to change the scientific world’s...
Proteolysis is important in bacterial pathogenesis and colonization of animal and plant hosts. In th...
All organisms have evolved mechanisms to acquire thermotolerance. A moderately high temperature acti...