A power efficient 26-GHz 32:1 static frequency divider in 130-nm bulk CMOS

Abstract—A 32:1 static frequency divider consisting of five stages of 2:1 dividers using current mode logic (CML) was fabri-cated in a 130-nm bulk complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic process. By optimizing transistors size, high oper-ating speed is achieved with limited power consumption. For an input power of 0 dBm, the 32:1 divider operates up to 26 GHz with a 1.5-V supply voltage. The whole 32:1 chain including buffers consumes 8.97 mW and the first stage consumes only 3.88 mW at a 26-GHz operation. The power consumption of the first 2:1 stage is less than 15 % of other bulk CMOS static frequency dividers operating at the same frequency. Index Terms—Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS), current mode logic (CML), frequency divider. I