International audienceThis contribution aims at explaining the ambitious programme that established big protected areas in the former Eastern Germany after 1989 and the fall of the Iron Curtain. It will be demonstrated, in a critical way, how this public policy for nature protection also imposed new values upon the rural societies in the ex-GDR. As a consequence, we will detail the significant deficiency in the social acceptance of protected areas, and the attempts towards a better conciliation that have been further conducted.Cette intervention vise à présenter le programme ambitieux de création d'espaces naturels protégés en Allemagne orientale après 1989, suite à la chute du Rideau de fer, et à l'interpréter de manière critique en évalua...