National audienceThis paper draws up a report about Nature preservation measures in Hungary and their effect on the development of post-socialist rural areas. The various status existing in the matter of Nature preservation, the public structures which have been set up to manage protected areas as well as their integration into local development dynamics are successively analysed. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated here that Hungarian “National Park Directorates” present a very specific mode of organization; this could allow them to play a leading role in coordinating local development initiatives dealing with environmental resources in rural areas, if not in helping in the redistribution of European funds targeted on the same subject. Directora...