Acceptance of Modern Foreign Thoughts of Education in the Meiji Era -A Study of Herbart's Educational Thoughts in Japan-

Modern educational thoughts of Herbart and Herbartians were accepted into Japan in 1890's. In the beginning of 1889 Emil Hausknecht (1853-1927) who was invited to Japan from Germany commenced a series of Herbartian's lectures at Tokyo University. And after a year Sei-iti Noziri who was sent abroad to study German pedagogy returned home and from 1890 he also lectured Herbartian's pedagogy at Higher Normal School of Tokyo. In the normal school text-book of the history of education by Sakae Nose, prof. of Higher Normal School, we first find the name of "Herbart" as one of the eight great reformers of education in modern Europe and after that time Herbart was treated as one of excellent educational thinkers. The practice and theory of education during 1890's was influenced largly by "Lectures on Scientific Education" (1895) by Tomeri Tanimoto, prof. of Higher Normal School, who was instructed in Herbartian's pedagogy by E. Hausknecht. And from that time the educational world of Japan, not only in practice but in theory, appeared the era of Herbart and Herbartians for some years. Many translations and reference books in relation to Herbart and Herbartians pedagogy were published and especially "Rein's Pedagogy" translated in 1895 by S. Nose was read by most of educators, which explained plainly two great aims (Charakter Bildung and Vielseitigkeit des Interesse) and three great principles (Konzentration, Funt Stufe-Unterricht and Geschicht-Gesinnungsstoff) of Herbartians. But by 1900 Herbartians pedagogy that excited the educational world of Japan during some years were criticized by Kanjiro Higuti, Jintaro Ose etc. And their pedagogy was replaced by the new pedagogy interpreted according to the social pedagogy of Paul Natorp and Otto Willmann