A Short History of the Chinese Islamic Studies in Japan

日本における中国イスラーム研究は,1911年の遠藤佐々喜,1912年の桑原隲蔵の論文をもって口火を切られた。1915～1918年間に『史学雑誌』に連載された桑原の「宋末の提挙市舶使西域人蒲寿庚に就いて」は広く唐宋時代の中国におけるイスラーム教徒の活動を知るに絶好の研究である。以後,イスラーム研究は漸くおこり,「回儒」研究,日本人ムスリムによる啓蒙書が発表されたが,満州事変以後の日本の大陸侵略,とくに1937年以降,「時局」の要請もあって,イスラーム研究専門の機関の設立,『イスラム』・『回教事情』・『回教圏』・『回教世界』などのイスラム関係専門雑誌の創刊が相ついで,日本の中国イスラーム研究は活況を呈した。この時期,文献学的研究の分野でもっとも精力的な研究活動をおこない,多くの業績をあげたのは田坂興道であった。また実態調査が満鉄諸機関・民族研究所・帝国学士院などの関係者によって蒙疆を中心におこなわれたが,その多くは正式の調査報告を発表するまでに至らなかった。日本の敗戦を機に,中国イスラーム研究は大きくさまがわりを余儀なくされた。研究の中心は明清代の社会史にうつり,回民叛乱(起義)の分析が注目された。これは中国史上での中国イスラーム教徒,回民(回族)の位置づけの方法のひとつである。イスラーム学の面からはスーフィズム(Sufism)の役割が問題視されたが,中国イスラーム史上におけるスーフィズムの成立,そのはたした役割も鋭意研究されている。Many minority races lead their lives in every place of China. Huis (回族; Hui-min回民) is one of them. Huis speak in Han-language (漢語) and are dressed in cloths like Hans',-we cannot tell them from Hans racially. But they believe in Islam, never eat pork, and historically have constituted a independent race which is different from Hans. In the middle of the 19th century the attention of foreigners was attracted to Huis and Chinese Islam. And the study on Huis and Chinese Islam had been started by European diplomates and missionaries. The first study on these problems by Japanese was a paper by Sasaki Endo titled "On the Islam in China" in TOYO GAKUHO (Reports of the Oriental Society), Vol. 1 No. 3 (October 1911). After that time, many studies have written by researchers, Japanese muslims and the persons concerned with Government and Army in Japan. The history of the Chinese Islam studies in Japan are divided in three periods as follows; I. 1911-1930, II. 1931-1945, III. From 1946, In the period of 1911-1930, the scientific researches on the Chinese Islam and. Huis were made by Sinologists as Jitsuzô Kuwabara and Rokurô Kuwata. And Japanese muslisms attempted to introduct the Chinese Islam. One of them, Kyodo Kawamura who lived in Peking, had published the magazine named KAIKYÔ (The Islam) during 1927-1929. After the year of 1931, Japanese Army had been invaded in the land of China. Under that conditions, Japanese Government encouraged the studies on the Chinese Islam and Huis. The research institutes for Islamic studies were established, and the journals for Islamic studies were published; ISURAMU (Islamic Culture; 1937-1939), KAIKYO-KEN (Journal for Study of Islamic area; 1938-1944), KAIKYO JIJO (Islamic Affairs; 1938-1941) and KAIKYO SEKAI (The World of Islam; 1939-1941). Researchers of Institute for Racial Studies and the Imperial Academy made an ethnographical investigation into the Huis' comunities in North China. But the reports did not see the light of day. In 1945, Japan was defeated. The institutes for Islamic studies were closed. And many researchers were obliged to change the Islamic studies to others. Only one Kodo Tasaka continued to research the Chinese Islam. He died in 1957, but left for us a great study which dealted with the introduction and development of Chinese Islam from T'ang to the late Ming. At the present time, a few member researches the Sufism in Chinese Islam and Huis' movements in the Ch'ing period. Even now muslism population in China counts more than ten millions. The present author would like to say that we cannot be ignored their movements for the porpuse of the synthetical Chinese study