Photoluminescence characterization of photovoltaic absorbers provides the charge transport phenomena and the optoelectronic properties on which their performance relies. However, their obtention is based on physical models and may require uncontrolled assumptions and unknown parameters. This thesis explores how acquiring spectrally resolved maps of photoluminescence in pulsed excitation can contribute to material characterization while limiting the necessary prior knowledge and controlling underlying hypotheses and models. On the one hand, we developed imaging systems describing the emitted intensity in four dimensions: 2D spatial, temporal and spectral. On the other hand, we performed excitation wavelength variation studies and investigate...