FIG. 25. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, right orbital and infratemporal regions. A, oblique right lateral aspect (stereopair), B, interpretative diagram (on page opposite), based on Simpson's (1933a) original figure 2 but relabeled to conform with identifications and nomenclature used in this paper. Zygomatic arch shown in section (hachure). Conspicuous groove running dorsorostrally from cranioorbital foramen is probably vascular; in some mammals (e.g., rodents, many eulipotyphlans) a similarly positioned trackway carries retained orbital branch of stapedial ramus superior (Bugge, 1974). Multiple infraorbital foramina are more obvious in figure 24. Single asterisk, small aperture, possibly but not certainly a foramen. Double asteris...
FIG. 5. Equus caballus, principal vasculature of brain and endocranium (on this and facing page). Af...
FIG. 29. Toxodon sp., selected basicranial features. A, MCL 5192 (adult), caudal cranium in ventral ...
FIG. 32. Digital 3D reconstructions of the osseous labyrinths of Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, Te...
FIG. 24. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, right facial region, showing multiple infraorbital f...
FIG. 1. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, skull: A, ventral; B, dorsal; C, right lateral; D, le...
FIG. 12. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, transverse segments through skull (on this and follo...
FIG. 26. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700. A, B, basicranium in rostroventral aspect, with inte...
FIG. 16. Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, parasagittal segments through caudal cranium, from lateral...
FIG. 17. Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, transverse segments through caudal cranium in rostrocaudal...
FIG. 15. Astrapotherium magnum, epitympanic and extratympanic sinuses and their adituses. A, MACN A ...
FIG. 11. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, parasagittal segments through left side of caudal cr...
FIG. 38. Tapirus, selected basicranial features in subadult and adult specimens on this and facing p...
FIG. 3. Trigonostylops wortmani. Top: Mandible (MPEF PV 5483) with dentition: A, occlusal, B, rostra...
FIG. 4. Astrapotherium magnum AMNH VP-9278: A, ventral, B, dorsal, C, caudal, and D, right lateral v...
FIG. 21. Trigonostylops wortmani MLP 52-X-5-98, partial rostrum with C and P1 (roots only) and P2-4,...
FIG. 5. Equus caballus, principal vasculature of brain and endocranium (on this and facing page). Af...
FIG. 29. Toxodon sp., selected basicranial features. A, MCL 5192 (adult), caudal cranium in ventral ...
FIG. 32. Digital 3D reconstructions of the osseous labyrinths of Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, Te...
FIG. 24. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, right facial region, showing multiple infraorbital f...
FIG. 1. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, skull: A, ventral; B, dorsal; C, right lateral; D, le...
FIG. 12. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, transverse segments through skull (on this and follo...
FIG. 26. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700. A, B, basicranium in rostroventral aspect, with inte...
FIG. 16. Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, parasagittal segments through caudal cranium, from lateral...
FIG. 17. Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, transverse segments through caudal cranium in rostrocaudal...
FIG. 15. Astrapotherium magnum, epitympanic and extratympanic sinuses and their adituses. A, MACN A ...
FIG. 11. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, parasagittal segments through left side of caudal cr...
FIG. 38. Tapirus, selected basicranial features in subadult and adult specimens on this and facing p...
FIG. 3. Trigonostylops wortmani. Top: Mandible (MPEF PV 5483) with dentition: A, occlusal, B, rostra...
FIG. 4. Astrapotherium magnum AMNH VP-9278: A, ventral, B, dorsal, C, caudal, and D, right lateral v...
FIG. 21. Trigonostylops wortmani MLP 52-X-5-98, partial rostrum with C and P1 (roots only) and P2-4,...
FIG. 5. Equus caballus, principal vasculature of brain and endocranium (on this and facing page). Af...
FIG. 29. Toxodon sp., selected basicranial features. A, MCL 5192 (adult), caudal cranium in ventral ...
FIG. 32. Digital 3D reconstructions of the osseous labyrinths of Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, Te...