FIG. 27. Astrapotherium magnum, selected basicranial features. A, AMNH VP-9278, right basicranium in ventral aspect. Prominent impression labelled "?vasc sulc" may have conducted extracranial venous structures similar to basicranial plexuses seen in extant Equus (fig. 6; see also similarly positioned sulcus in Tapirus, fig. 38: feature 5). Basicapsular fenestra is hidden in this perspective, except for extreme rostral and caudal ends. B, Digitally reconstructed left petrosal of A . magnum MACN A 3208, reversed and rotated to permit com-Published as part of MacPhee, R.D.E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Kramarz, Alejandro, Forasiepi, Analía M., Bond, Mariano & Sulser, R. Benjamin, 2021, Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Tr...
FIG. 33. Stapes in selected members of comparative set. Top: Digital 3-D reconstruction of left stap...
FIG. 1. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, skull: A, ventral; B, dorsal; C, right lateral; D, le...
FIG. 16. Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, parasagittal segments through caudal cranium, from lateral...
FIG. 13. Astrapotherium magnum MACN A 8580, parasagittal segments through left side of caudal craniu...
FIG. 4. Astrapotherium magnum AMNH VP-9278: A, ventral, B, dorsal, C, caudal, and D, right lateral v...
FIG. 14. Astrapotherium magnum MACN A 8580, transverse segments through skull in rostrocaudal order,...
FIG. 5. Equus caballus, principal vasculature of brain and endocranium (on this and facing page). Af...
FIG. 39. Equus caballus AMNH M-204155, left caudal cranium in A, lateral and B, ventral aspects, wit...
FIG. 38. Tapirus, selected basicranial features in subadult and adult specimens on this and facing p...
FIG. 37. Tapirus indicus AMNH M-77875, juvenile specimen. Left caudal cranium in oblique A, ventral ...
FIG. 8. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700 and Astrapotherium magnum MACN A 8580, reconstructions...
FIG. 29. Toxodon sp., selected basicranial features. A, MCL 5192 (adult), caudal cranium in ventral ...
FIG. 15. Astrapotherium magnum, epitympanic and extratympanic sinuses and their adituses. A, MACN A ...
FIG. 22. Astrapotherium magnum A, AMNH VP-9278 and B, YPM PU 15261, rostral end of palate in ventral...
FIG. 25. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, right orbital and infratemporal regions. A, oblique ...
FIG. 33. Stapes in selected members of comparative set. Top: Digital 3-D reconstruction of left stap...
FIG. 1. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, skull: A, ventral; B, dorsal; C, right lateral; D, le...
FIG. 16. Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, parasagittal segments through caudal cranium, from lateral...
FIG. 13. Astrapotherium magnum MACN A 8580, parasagittal segments through left side of caudal craniu...
FIG. 4. Astrapotherium magnum AMNH VP-9278: A, ventral, B, dorsal, C, caudal, and D, right lateral v...
FIG. 14. Astrapotherium magnum MACN A 8580, transverse segments through skull in rostrocaudal order,...
FIG. 5. Equus caballus, principal vasculature of brain and endocranium (on this and facing page). Af...
FIG. 39. Equus caballus AMNH M-204155, left caudal cranium in A, lateral and B, ventral aspects, wit...
FIG. 38. Tapirus, selected basicranial features in subadult and adult specimens on this and facing p...
FIG. 37. Tapirus indicus AMNH M-77875, juvenile specimen. Left caudal cranium in oblique A, ventral ...
FIG. 8. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700 and Astrapotherium magnum MACN A 8580, reconstructions...
FIG. 29. Toxodon sp., selected basicranial features. A, MCL 5192 (adult), caudal cranium in ventral ...
FIG. 15. Astrapotherium magnum, epitympanic and extratympanic sinuses and their adituses. A, MACN A ...
FIG. 22. Astrapotherium magnum A, AMNH VP-9278 and B, YPM PU 15261, rostral end of palate in ventral...
FIG. 25. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, right orbital and infratemporal regions. A, oblique ...
FIG. 33. Stapes in selected members of comparative set. Top: Digital 3-D reconstruction of left stap...
FIG. 1. Trigonostylops wortmani AMNH VP-28700, skull: A, ventral; B, dorsal; C, right lateral; D, le...
FIG. 16. Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, parasagittal segments through caudal cranium, from lateral...