[Article] Settlement Dynamics and its Background from the Late 8th to 10th Centuries in the Miyakonojo Basin : Mainly on Archeological Sites along the Yokoichi River

application/pdf都城盆地の古代の集落様相と動態に関する3つの課題を提示して，横市川流域の遺跡群の集落遺跡の類型化とその性格を推定した上で，同盆地内のその他の遺跡との比較も行ってその背景を考察した。①都城盆地内において，8世紀前半に明確ではなかった集落が8世紀後半に忽然と現れる現象については，8世紀後半以降の律令政府による対隼人政策の解消に伴って南九州各地にも律令諸原則が適用されるようになる中で，いわゆる開墾集落が形成されはじめた可能性を指摘した。②遺跡数が増大する9世紀中頃から10世紀前半には，複数の集落類型が併存しており，中にはいわゆる官衙関連遺跡や地方有力者の居宅跡も存在する。郡衙が置かれた場所ではないが，広大な諸県郡の中の中心域を占め，開発可能な沖積地を随所に擁する都城盆地において，国司・大宰府官人・院宮王臣家などとのつながりが想定される富豪層による開発が進展するとともに，物資の流通ルートを担う動きが活発化して，集落形成が顕著となり，各集落が出現と消滅，変転を繰り返しながらも見かけ上は継続的に集落形成が行われていたと推察される。貿易陶磁器や国産施釉陶器などの希少陶磁器類の存在から看取される都城盆地の特質としては，南九州内陸部における交通の結節点をなす場所として重要な位置を占めていたことに加え，一大消費地でもあったことも指摘できる。③10世紀前半まで継続した集落が10世紀後半になると衰退・廃絶し，全体的に遺跡数が減少するという現象については，10世紀から11世紀にかけて進行した乾燥化と温暖化，変動幅の大きい夏季降水量など不安定な気候の可能性に加え，当該期における集落形成の流動性と定着性の薄弱さを考慮すべきである。当時，開発の余地が大きい都城盆地に進出していた各集団の多くは，自立的・安定的な経営を貫徹するには至らなかったと思われ，当時の農業技術水準の問題もあり，激化する洪水などの自然環境の変化に対しては十分な対応がとれなかった社会状況があったことも想定できる。Three issues related to the appearance and dynamics of ancient settlements in the Miyakonojo Basin were presented. The typology of the settlements in the Yokoichi River basin were estimated and their character. In addition, the background was considered by comparison with other sites in the basin. As for the phenomenon that the settlement which was not clear in the first half of the 8th century appears suddenly in the second half of the 8th century in the Miyakonojo Basin, various principles of the Ritsuryo come to be applied to various parts of southern Kyushu with the dissolution of the measures for Hayato of the Ritsuryo government after the second half of the 8th century. It pointed out the possibility that so-called reclamation settlement began to be formed. In the middle of the 9th century and the first half of the 10th century, when the number of sites increased, several types of settlements coexisted. In addition to the so-called government-related ruins, there are also ruins of the local influential person’s mansion. Although it is not a place where the county is located, development by the wealthy layer which is assumed to connect with provincial governors), officials of Dazaifu (local government office in the Kyushu region), the Inguoushinke (a general term for imperial families and nobles who gathered strength by approaching the Emperor’s power), etc. progresses in the Miyakonojo Basin where the center area of the vast county occupies the center area of various counties, and there is an all-over-japan mass land that can be developed, and the development of the It is presumed that the movement responsible for the distribution route of goods was activated, and the settlement formation became remarkable, and the settlement formation was carried out continuously while each settlement appeared and disappeared, and the change was repeated. It can be pointed out that it was also a major consumption area in addition to occupying an important position as a place to form the junction of transportation in the inland part of southern Kyushu as a characteristic of the Miyakonojo Basin, which is taken care of from the existence of rare ceramics such as trade ceramics and domestic glazed pottery. As for the phenomenon that settlements that continued until the first half of the 10th century decline and abolition in the second half of the 10th century, and the overall number of ruins decreases, in addition to the possibility of unstable climate, such as dryness and global warming, and summer precipitation with a wide range of fluctuations, It should be considered the liquidity and the weakness of the settler of the settlement formation in the period. At that time, many of the groups that had advanced to the Miyakonojo Basin, where there was a lot of room for development, were not expected to be able to carry out independent and stable management, and there were problems with agricultural technology levels at that time. It can also be assumed that there was a social situation in which sufficient response to changes in the natural environment, such as the intensifying floods, was not sufficient.departmental bulletin pape