The viola caipira is a musical instrument consisting of a set of historical and geographical elements that make it unique. In order to understand it as resistance to the process of globalization, the reflection on the viola caipira starts from everyday life in the midst of different temporalities. To this end, we are going to discuss its origins, religiosity, and popular beliefs that surround it, as well as its diversity in Portugal and Brazil, with regard to format, rhythms, and tunings. The research was based on specific literature on the subject and photographic and oral records were carried out in the field. As a conclusion, we understand that the viola is representative of the caipira culture since it involves, in its historical proces...