A Comparative Study of the Interrogative Pronoun System of Yue Dialects

早在二十世紀三十年代，「中國戲」就被中國知識分子視作中國文化的精髓所在，能成為中國與世界上其他西方國家交流的窗口。從1934年開始，英國倫敦就掀起一股“Lady Precious Stream”(《寶川夫人》)熱潮。由中國雙語作家熊式一（Hsiung Shih-I，1902─1991）以中國民間故事和京劇為藍本創作的英文話劇《寶川夫人》及其他劇作向西方國家成功地展示了中國的文化面向。二十世紀五十年代末，熊式一從倫敦移居香港，透過將「英國戲」翻譯和改寫為香港在地文本，他對本地的戲劇及文藝活動有高度參與。熊式一跟其他在1949年後來港的南來作家相比，擁有豐富的海外生活和工作經驗。他抵港以前已在倫敦居住逾二十年，對英國文化及文藝圈都有一定認識。當他移居香港後，就更能以局內人的角度道破此英國殖民地的問題。總的來說，他的作品跟中英交流互動相關，尤其關注中國人及英國人之間的階級問題，對香港社會現實提出有力的批判，具體來說，他以獨樹一幟的英式幽默對知識分子、教育家和慈善家都肆意批評，提出的觀點至今仍值得討論。綜觀他畢生編寫的戲劇作品，歷來最受研究者關注的獨有他在英國完成的英文中國戲《寶川夫人》，以及他在五十年代於香港將此劇親譯的中文版本《王寶川》。不過，熊氏的創作生涯實際上可被區分為三個階段，包括出國之前、留英期間和留港期間。他在英國以英文撰寫「中國戲」，在香港則以中文撰寫「英國戲」。當我們擴展研究寬度，將他在香港的創作納入研究範圍，才能相對整全地理解他的創作歷程。歷來熊式一的作品在中國和香港都被忽視，究其原因，或可能源於他對右翼政治的支持。本研究定位於跨文化翻譯研究領域，主張熊式一及其作品都是我們理解中、英跨文化交流的起點。他從中國、倫敦到香港的創作歷程更加能讓我們反思1930年代至1960年代中國知識分子的身分。值得思考的是作品展現的本土關懷，正可回應其他同代南來知識份子試圖在香港實踐的文化願景。總而言之，熊式一對香港文化及文學領域的貢獻都值得我們關注和進一步討論。Back in the 1930s, ‘Chinese plays’ were already regarded as the essence of Chinese culture by the Chinese intellectuals and became a window for China to communicate with other Western countries in the world. Since 1934, there has been a ‘spell of Lady Precious Stream’ around the city of London. The ‘Chinese play’ Lady Precious Stream adapted and translated from Chinese folk story and Beijing Opera, as well as other scripts written by the Chinese bilingual writer Hsiung Shih-I (1902-1991) was a big success to show the cultured China to the West. In the late 1950s, Hsiung moved from London to Hong Kong, and became highly involved in local drama and literature activities by translating and rewriting ""British plays"" into localized Hong Kong texts.When compared with other South China writers who came to Hong Kong after 1949, Hsiung is more experienced with living and working overseas. Having been established in London for more than twenty years before arriving in Hong Kong, he is familiar with the British culture and its art and literary circle. When he settled in Hong Kong, he could reveal the problems in this British colony from an insider’s perspective. Overall, his works have a strong tie of Sino-British interactions and he is particularly concerned about class issues among the Chinese and the British. Critical judgements to the Hong Kong social reality are frequently made. To be more specific, there is a unique power of “British humor” in his works and his criticisms of the intellectuals, educators and philanthropists are still worth discussing today.Among the theatrical works in Hsiung’s entire life, the only one that has received the most attention from researchers is the English-language Chinese play Lady Precious Stream and its translated version. In fact, Hsiung's creative career can be divided into three stages: before he went abroad, his stay in England and his stay in Hong Kong. He wrote ""Chinese plays"" in English in England, while he wrote ""English plays"" in Chinese in Hong Kong. After expanding our scope of study to his work in Hong Kong, we can understand his creative process in a more comprehensive way.Hsiung’s works were underestimated and undervalued in both China and Hong Kong and the most educated guess is his supportiveness to Right-wing politics. In my thesis, I suggest that his works are a good starting point to understand the Sino-British cultural exchange. I would like to position my research in the field of cross-cultural translation studies and argue that Hsiung’s steps from China, London to Hong Kong and his significant works created during the journey are undoubtedly a gate to look into the identity of Chinese intellectuals throughout the 1930s to 1960s. What is worth considering is his concern for the locals, which can correspond to the cultural visions that other southern intellectuals of his generation put into practice in Hong Kong. To conclude, Hsiung’s contributions to the Hong Kong cultural and literary field deserve our attention and further discussion.曾綉薇.M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2021.Includes bibliographical references (leaves )Abstracts in English and ChineseTitle from PDF title page (viewed on …