Tese de mestrado, Biologia Molecular e Genética, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2022Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Females generally mount a more robust immune response to infections and vaccination. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted this sexual bias, with men being at higher risk of death and severe manifestations of disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. We evaluated how B an T cells respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to COVID-19 vaccination. Here we show that upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is a spike-specific B and T cell response against the virus. Our data demonstrate that spike-s...