Activating <i>TBK1</i> with Manassantin B suppresses CVB infection and secretion into EVs.

HeLa cells were treated with 1 μg ManB 24 h prior to infection with eGFP-CVB for an additional 24 h. (A) Fluorescence microscopy images of cells infected at MOI 0.01 for 24 h. Phase contrast images show similar cell density at 24 h p.i. Scale bars represent 100 μm. (B) Extracellular viral titers of cells infected at MOI 0.1 for 24 h as measured by plaque assay. ***, p p p p t test; n = 3. (D) Western blot of cells treated with bafilomycin (100 nM) for 2 h following treatment with ManB (1 ug) or vehicle for 24 h. Densitometric quantification of LC3-II. *, p p t test; n = 3. Data are representative of 3 experiments. WL = whole lysate.