The Demand for Vocational High School Graduates and Strategies to Improve Educational Capacity

최근 산업구조 및 인력구조의 변화와 기업 채용 방식이 변화되고 있지만, 숙련 기술 및 기능 인력 양성을 담당하고 있는 전문계 고교는 이러한 변화에 적극 대응하지 못하고 있고, 그 결과 임금·근로 여건이 열악한 분야로 전문계 고졸 인력 취업 증가하면서 전문계 고교의 위상이 저하되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 기업의 인사담당자와 근로자를 대상으로 전문계고졸 인력의 활용 실태를 파악하고 노동시장에서 전문계고졸 인력에 대한 수요와 근로조건의 현황을 파악하였다. 또한 근로자의 직업 경로 분석과 심층면접조사를 통해 기능직 근로자들의 직업 및 삶의 만족도와 직업 경로 단계별 장애요인과 성공요인을 분석하였다. 아울러 전문계 고등학교에 대한 설문조사 및 전문계고 교육 전문가들에 대한 델파이조사를 통해 전문계고 교육역량 관련 운영 실태를 진단하고 미래를 전망하였다. 이러한 연구의 결과를 바탕으로, 본 보고서는 선순환적 선취업 후진학 병행체계 구축, 다양한 직업교육 제공, 산업체 참여 확대, 경쟁체제 도입을 위한 규제 완화, 전사회적 노력 등의 전문계고 교육역량 강화를 위한 5대 추진방향을 제시하고, 이에 따른 11개 세부과제를 제안하고자 한다. ○ 주요내용 - 전문계고졸 인력에 대한 기업체의 활용 실태와 노동시장에서의 수요 분석 - 전문계고 교육역량 실태 분석 및 전문계고의 미래 전망 - 선발·활용·양성단계에서의 전문계고 교육역량 강화 방안1. Overview This research aims to suggest practical strategies and a road map to enhance the educational capability of vocational high schools To attain this purpose, this research investigates the career path of vocational high school graduates. traces the change of companies'''' usage of vocational high school graduates and he industrial demand for the work power produced by vocational high schools, and the change of main job performance levels carried out vocational highschool graduates at workplace. In addition, a survey with human resource directors and workers is performed to understand the use of the workforce graduated from vocational high schools at each industrial sector and Delphi method with experts specialized on the vocational high school education is carried out to predict the future of vocational high schools. Finally, based on the results from these research process, the strategy and policy implications to enhance the educational capability of vocational high schools are draw on. 2. The Results from Analysis on the Demand and Use of the workforce graduated from vocational high schools In accordance with the development of industrial structure, while the demand for craft man in traditional manufacturing sectors has decreased, the demand for engineering technologist has increased. In addition, as the awareness of decent jobs for vocational high school graduates has been changed, it is arguable that vocational high school graduates can take the decent jobs in three wayspublic officials in technical postinnovative technicians in the foundation industries such as assembling and processinglicense-based professionals. In reality, it is possible for employees to make their career and life successful by developing skills and building careers in technical post. The result from the optical matching analysis on 94 workers demonstrates that the group who shows the high degree of career commitment, work-family balance, role-orientation and life satisfaction is the workers who have long-term career in technical post. Reviewing the result from the analysis on the perception of human resource directors and the features of surveyed companies about the use of workforce graduated from vocational high schools can suggest the following four policy implications. First, the general quality of vocational education should be improved. Second, when considering the high turnover rate of vocational high school graduates within the term of one to two years after getting jobs, the personnel management practice on the human resource graduated from vocational high schools should be changed. Third, the education for character have to be focused as well as skill training and work related education program. fourth, the vocational high school education have to be linked to the college or university education, reflecting the reality that 73.5 percent of vocational high school graduates goes on to higher education institutes. In terms of the demand for workforce graduated from vocational high schools in the labor market, the ratio of employees graduated from vocational high schools shares 17.9 percent among the total number of employees in 2009 and the demand will exceed the supply in 2018. the average monthly wage of vocational high schools graduates is 45,000 won more than general high schools graduates and the rate of increase in wage is 6.5 percent over the last five years. 3. The Educational Capability of Vocational High Schools The purpose of vocational high school education can be summarized as developing the basic learning competency and enhancing employability in order to design routes to successful career as skilled workers. The ability to achieve this purpose refers to the educational capability of vocational high schools which consists of the teaching and learning competency, the employment support competency and the competency for academic-industrial cooperation. To diagnose the educational capability of vocational high schools, it is necessary to the current conditions of vocational high schools. Firstly, the academic achievement of vocational high school students is lower than the basic level in most subjects. When observing their career path after graduation, the employment rate of vocational high school graduates has significant decreased, the employment rate in irregular and part time jobs has been increased and the variety of occupations for which vocational high school graduates can apply has been narrowed. To cope with the changing industrial structure and technology, vocational high schools have continued to change their education programs. However, the mismatching between the educational programs supplied by vocational high schools and the industrial demand for the human resource graduated from vocational high schools is still existing. In addition, the result from the Delphi method demonstrates that most experts point out the weakness in the function of cultivating skilled workers and the social contempt for the speciality or vocational high schools as the reason why the vocational high school education is in crisis. With regard to the element with which vocational high schools should be equipped to improve their competitiveness, the experts participating in this Delphi survey shows the high degree of agreement about the function of college admission and employment support for cultivating industrial workforce. 4. The Tasks to Enhance the Educational Capability of Vocational High Schools Based on the analysis on the reality of the use of the workforce graduated from vocational high schools, the demand for the workforce and the current educational capability of vocational high schools, this research suggests 11 tasks to enhance the educational capability of vocational high schools as follow.요약 제1장 서 론 제1절 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1 제2절 연구의 방법 및 절차 4 1. 연구의 방법 4 2. 연구절차 16 제2장 전문계고졸 인력의 활용과 수요 분석 결과 제1절 산업 기술 변화에 따른 전문계고졸 인력 수요 분야 19 1. 산업 구조 변화와 전문계고 학과 및 직무수준 변화 19 2. 기술 구조 변화와 전문계고 졸업 인력의 직무수준 및 일자리 변화 29 3. 전문계고졸 인력 수요 분석에 따른 시사점 68 제2절 전문계고졸 인력 활용 인식 및 기업 특성 분석 결과 75 1. 인사담당자가 인식하는 전문계고졸 인력 활용 현황 75 2. 전문계고졸 근로자가 인식하는 전문계고졸 인력 활용 현황 95 3. 전문계고졸 인력활용 기업의 특성 분석 129 제3절 전문계고졸 인력의 활용 실태와 임금 효과 139 1. 노동력 및 고용 현황 139 2. 임금 수준과 격차 153 제4절 국내외 숙련기능분야 인력 활용 및 인사관리 실태 169 1. 일본의 전문계고졸 인력 관리 실태 169 2. 우리나라 전문계고졸 인력 관리 실태 195 제3장 전문계고 교육역량 실태 제1절 전문계고 교육역량 운영 현황 실태 203 1. 전문계고 교육역량의 개념 204 2. 전문계고 교육역량 영역별 운영 실태 212 제2절 전문계고 미래 전망 결과 237 1. 델파이 조사 결과 237 2. 전문계고교 경쟁력 확보를 위한 추진과제 246 제4장 전문계고 교육역량 강화 방안 제1절 기본방향과 추진과제 251 제2절 교육역량 강화를 위한 세부 추진 과제 254 1. 선발 단계에서의 추진과제 256 2. 양성 단계에서의 추진과제 257 3. 활용 단계에서의 추진과제 288 Summary 295 참고문헌 301 부 록 30