Uptake and cellular distribution of copper, cobalt and cadmium in strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured on elevated concentrations of these metals

Training by repeated culture on elevated concentrations of Co, Cu and Cd resulted in increased resistance to these metals in 3 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All the trained strains showed reduced uptake of these metals and altered intracellular distribution. Co-trained strains showed increased Co-accumulation in the vacuole, which was also the main compartment for Co in unstrained cells. Cd- and Cu-trained cells had increased amounts of these metals in the soluble fractions of the cell, but not specifically in the vacuole. These mechanisms appeared to be distinct and to vary in their stability following detraining on metal-free medium.