Produktivnost i kvaliteta krmnih trava u jugozapadnom dijelu Panonske nizine

The aim of the research was to compare the productivity and quality of several forage grasses in the climate conditions of south-eastern Europe. The research was conducted during 2012 and 2013, in the south-western part of the Pannonian basin (vicinity of Osijek, Croatia). The experiment included 5 grass species: Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), hybrid ryegrass (Lolium x boucheanum), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and timothy (Phleum pratense) cut three times per year, i.e. 6 cuttings in total for two years. The results have shown that there were significant statistical differences for all investigated traits between the years of the species and their interaction at the P˂0.05 levels. In average, the highest dry matter yield was achieved during the first year of usage (10.4 and 9.1 t/ha). The average usage of two years, the highest yields of dry matter had Italian ryegrass and cocksfoot. Quality results showed that the cocksfoot was the least digestible because it contained over 700 g/kg of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 450 g/kg of acid detergent fiber (ADF), unlike the perennial ryegrass which had 559 and 327 g/kg of NDF and ADF. Energetically most productive was Italian ryegrass with a production potential of 19,739 liters of milk and with milk fat of 4%. On the protein productivity base, the most prominent was the cocksfoot which could produce 11,878 liters of milk from 713 kg proteins in one year. The results show that none of the tested grasses had a balanced relationship between protein and energy.Istraživanje je imalo za cilj komparirati produktivnost i kvalitetu nekoliko vrsta trava u klimatskim uvjetima jugoistočne Europe. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2012. i 2013. godine u jugozapadnom dijelu Panonske nizine (okolica Osijeka, Hrvatska). U pokusu su istraživani klupčasta oštrica, mačji repak, talijanski, hibridni i engleski ljulj u 4 repeticije. Provedene su 3 košnje po godini ili 6 otkosa za svaku vrstu tijekom pokusa. Rezultati su pokazali da postoje značajne statističke razlike za sva istraživana svojstva između vrsta, godina i njihove interakcije na nivou P˂0,05. U prosjeku, najveći prinos suhe tvari ostvaren je tijekom prve godine uporabe (10,4 i 9,1 t/ha). U prosjeku za dvije godine korištenja, najveći prinosi suhe tvari imali su talijanski ljulj i klupčasta oštrica. Rezultati kvalitete pokazali su da je klupčasta oštrica bila najmanje probavljiva, jer je sadržavala preko 700 g/kg vlakna topiva u neutralnom detrđentu (NDF) i 450 g/kg vlakna topiva u kiselom detrđentu (ADF), za razliku od engleskog ljulja koji je imao 559 i 327 g/kg NDF i ADF. Energetski najproduktivniji je bio talijanski ljulj sa proizvodnim potencijalom od 19.739 litara mlijeka uz mliječnu mast od 4%. Na osnovu proteina najprinosnija je bila klupčasta oštrica, koja može proizvesti 11.878 litara mlijeka iz 713 kg proteina u jednoj godini. Rezultati pokazuju da niti jedna testirana trava nije imala balansiran odnos proteina i energije