Proteomički pristup sigurnosti i kontroli kvalitete hrane

Over the last decade, proteomics has been successfully applied to the study of quality control in production processes of food (including meat, wine and beer, transgenic plants and milk) and food safety (screening for food-derived pathogens). Indeed, food quality and safety and their influence on the health of end consumers have growingly become a founding principle in the international agenda of health organizations. The application of proteomics in food science was at first characterized by exploratory analyses of food of various origin (bovine, swine, chicken or lamb meat, but also transgenic food such as genetically modified maize, for example) and beverages (beer, wine), in parallel to the genomic and transcriptomic approaches seeking determination of quantitative trait loci. In the last few years, technical improvements such as microbial biotyping strategies have growingly allowed proteomicists to address the safety issue as well. The newly introduced technical improvements (instrumentation characterized by higher sensitivity such as mass spectrometers) have paved the way for the individuation of food-contaminating pathogens in a fast and efficient workflow which is mandatory in industrial food production chains.U posljednjih deset godina proteomika se uspješno primijenjuje za kontrolu kvalitete pri proizvodnji mesa, vina, piva i mlijeka te uzgoju transgenih biljaka, kao i za kontrolu sigurnosti hrane, tj. određivanje prisutnosti patogenih mikroorganizama u hrani. Jedan od glavnih principa djelovanja međunarodnih zdravstvenih organizacija je kontrola kakvoće i sigurnosti hrane te ispitivanje njezina utjecaja na zdravlje potrošača. U početku se proteomička analiza hrane sastojala od ispitivanja namirnica različitog podrijetla (goveđeg, svinjskog ili janjećeg mesa, transgenih biljaka kao što je npr. genetički modificirani kukuruz), te analize pića (piva i vina), kao i genomskog i transkriptomskog pristupa određivanju lokusa kvantitatvinih svojstava. U posljednjih je nekoliko godina tehničkim usavršavanjem metoda, npr. strategijom određivanja mikrobnih biotipova, omogućeno proteomičarima da se bave i sigurnošću hrane. Razvojem metoda veće osjetljivosti, poput masene spektrometrije, otvoren je put brzoj i učinkovitoj identifikaciji patogenih mikroorganizama u hrani, što je preduvjet za industrijsku proizvodnju hrane