Factores de riesgo y manifestaciones clínicas de la hipertensión arterial: Artículo de revisión bibliográfica

Hypertension is a latent health problem worldwide, so this chronic disease is very frequent nationwide and is the leading cause of death worldwide, with an average prevalence of 25%. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review the scientific literature proposed in open access databases according to the variables established for the search for information. The variables were: arterial hypertension, risk factors and clinical manifestations. In total 24 documents were reviewed, including books, statistics from health institutions, health reports and scientific manuscripts published in journals indexed in Scopus, ScIELO and Redalyc. It is mentioned that the absolute control of this disease depends on elements such as cardiac output and total peripheral resistance; in addition, most of the patients suffering from this pathology do not present specific signs and symptoms in relation to arterial hypertension; They are commonly identified in a routine medical examination, and it has been shown that this asymptomatic chronic disorder causes damage to the heart, kidneys, blood vessels and brain. Keywords: blood pressure, hypertension, risks, clinical evidence.La hipertensión arterial es una problemática sanitaria latente en todo el mundo, de modo que esta enfermedad crónica es muy frecuente a escala nacional y se constituye en la primera causa de muerte a nivel mundial, con una prevalencia promedio del 25%. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es revisar la literatura científica propuesta en bases de datos de acceso abierto según las variables establecidas para la búsqueda de información. Las variables fueron: hipertensión arterial, factores de riesgo y manifestaciones clínicas. En total se revisaron 24 documentos, incluyendo libros, estadísticas de instituciones de salud, reportes de salud y manuscritos científicos publicados en revistas indexadas en Scopus, ScIELO y Redalyc. Se menciona que el control absoluto de esta enfermedad depende de elementos como el gasto cardíaco y la resistencia periférica total; además, la mayoría de los pacientes que padecen esta patología no presentan signos y síntomas específicos con relación a la hipertensión arterial; comúnmente son identificados en un examen médico rutinario, y se ha evidenciado que este trastorno crónico asintomático genera lesiones en el corazón, riñones, vasos sanguíneos y cerebro. Palabras clave: tensión arterial, hipertensión, riesgos, evidencias clínicas. Abstract Hypertension is a latent health problem worldwide, so this chronic disease is very frequent nationwide and is the leading cause of death worldwide, with an average prevalence of 25%. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review the scientific literature proposed in open access databases according to the variables established for the search for information. The variables were: arterial hypertension, risk factors and clinical manifestations. In total 24 documents were reviewed, including books, statistics from health institutions, health reports and scientific manuscripts published in journals indexed in Scopus, ScIELO and Redalyc. It is mentioned that the absolute control of this disease depends on elements such as cardiac output and total peripheral resistance; in addition, most of the patients suffering from this pathology do not present specific signs and symptoms in relation to arterial hypertension; They are commonly identified in a routine medical examination, and it has been shown that this asymptomatic chronic disorder causes damage to the heart, kidneys, blood vessels and brain. Keywords: blood pressure, hypertension, risks, clinical evidence. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 10 de abril de 2019Fecha de aceptación: 09 de julio de 2019Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 201